前言

大家好,我是老马。很高兴遇到你。

我们希望实现最简单的 http 服务信息,可以处理静态文件。

如果你想知道 servlet 如何处理的,可以参考我的另一个项目:

手写从零实现简易版 tomcat minicat

netty 相关

如果你对 netty 不是很熟悉,可以读一下

Netty 权威指南-01-BIO 案例

Netty 权威指南-02-NIO 案例

Netty 权威指南-03-AIO 案例

Netty 权威指南-04-为什么选择 Netty?Netty 入门教程

HTTP开发入门-静态文件服务器

netty天生异步事件驱动的架构,无论是在性能上还是在可靠性上,都表现优异,非常适合在非Web容器的场景下应用,相比于传统的Tomcat,Jetty等Web容器,更加的轻量和小巧、灵活性和定制性也更好。

我们以文件服务器为例学习Netty的HTTP服务端入门开发,例程场景如下:

  • 文件服务器使用HTTP协议对外提供服务

  • 当客户端通过浏览器访问文件服务器时,对访问路径进行检查,检查失败返回403

  • 检查通过,以链接的方式打开当前文件目录,每个目录或者都是个超链接,可以递归访问

  • 如果是目录,可以继续递归访问它下面的目录或者文件,如果是文件并且可读,则可以在浏览器端直接打开,或者通过[目标另存为]下载

  [java]
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import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestDecoder; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseEncoder; import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler; /** * @version 1.0 * @date 2014年2月14日 */ public class HttpFileServer { private static final String DEFAULT_URL = "/"; public void run(final int port, final String url) throws Exception { EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap(); b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup) .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ch.pipeline().addLast("http-decoder", new HttpRequestDecoder()); // 请求消息解码器 ch.pipeline().addLast("http-aggregator", new HttpObjectAggregator(65536));// 目的是将多个消息转换为单一的request或者response对象 ch.pipeline().addLast("http-encoder", new HttpResponseEncoder());//响应解码器 ch.pipeline().addLast("http-chunked", new ChunkedWriteHandler());//目的是支持异步大文件传输() ch.pipeline().addLast("fileServerHandler", new HttpFileServerHandler(url));// 业务逻辑 } }); ChannelFuture future = b.bind("127.0.0.1", port).sync(); System.out.println("HTTP文件目录服务器启动,网址是 : " + "http://127.0.0.1:" + port + url); future.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { int port = 8080; if (args.length > 0) { try { port = Integer.parseInt(args[0]); } catch (NumberFormatException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } String url = DEFAULT_URL; if (args.length > 1) url = args[1]; new HttpFileServer().run(port, url); } }

重点在于编解码器,首先添加的HTTP请求消息解码器HttpRequestDecoder,然后是HttpObjectAggregator解码器,它的作用是将多个消息转换为单一的FullHttpRequest或者FullHttpResponse,原因是HTTP解码器在每个HTTP消息中会生成多个消息对象。

(1) HttpRequest/HttpResponse;

(2) HttpContent;

(3) LastHttpContent;

下面是FileServerHandler:

  [java]
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import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf; import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled; import io.netty.channel.*; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.*; import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedFile; import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil; import javax.activation.MimetypesFileTypeMap; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.RandomAccessFile; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.net.URLDecoder; import java.util.regex.Pattern; import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpMethod.GET; import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus.*; import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1; /** * @author lilinfeng * @version 1.0 * @date 2014年2月14日 */ public class HttpFileServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<FullHttpRequest> { private final String url; public HttpFileServerHandler(String url) { this.url = url; } @Override protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, FullHttpRequest request) throws Exception { /*如果无法解码400*/ if (!request.decoderResult().isSuccess()) { sendError(ctx, BAD_REQUEST); return; } /*只支持GET方法*/ if (request.method() != GET) { sendError(ctx, METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED); return; } final String uri = request.uri(); /*格式化URL,并且获取路径*/ final String path = sanitizeUri(uri); if (path == null) { sendError(ctx, FORBIDDEN); return; } File file = new File(path); /*如果文件不可访问或者文件不存在*/ if (file.isHidden() || !file.exists()) { sendError(ctx, NOT_FOUND); return; } /*如果是目录*/ if (file.isDirectory()) { //1. 以/结尾就列出所有文件 if (uri.endsWith("/")) { sendListing(ctx, file); } else { //2. 否则自动+/ sendRedirect(ctx, uri + '/'); } return; } if (!file.isFile()) { sendError(ctx, FORBIDDEN); return; } RandomAccessFile randomAccessFile = null; try { randomAccessFile = new RandomAccessFile(file, "r");// 以只读的方式打开文件 } catch (FileNotFoundException fnfe) { sendError(ctx, NOT_FOUND); return; } long fileLength = randomAccessFile.length(); //创建一个默认的HTTP响应 HttpResponse response = new DefaultHttpResponse(HTTP_1_1, OK); //设置Content Length HttpUtil.setContentLength(response, fileLength); //设置Content Type setContentTypeHeader(response, file); //如果request中有KEEP ALIVE信息 if (HttpUtil.isKeepAlive(request)) { response.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONNECTION, HttpHeaderValues.KEEP_ALIVE); } ctx.write(response); ChannelFuture sendFileFuture; //通过Netty的ChunkedFile对象直接将文件写入发送到缓冲区中 sendFileFuture = ctx.write(new ChunkedFile(randomAccessFile, 0, fileLength, 8192), ctx.newProgressivePromise()); sendFileFuture.addListener(new ChannelProgressiveFutureListener() { @Override public void operationProgressed(ChannelProgressiveFuture future, long progress, long total) { if (total < 0) { // total unknown System.err.println("Transfer progress: " + progress); } else { System.err.println("Transfer progress: " + progress + " / " + total); } } @Override public void operationComplete(ChannelProgressiveFuture future) throws Exception { System.out.println("Transfer complete."); } }); ChannelFuture lastContentFuture = ctx .writeAndFlush(LastHttpContent.EMPTY_LAST_CONTENT); //如果不支持keep-Alive,服务器端主动关闭请求 if (!HttpUtil.isKeepAlive(request)) { lastContentFuture.addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE); } } @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { cause.printStackTrace(); if (ctx.channel().isActive()) { sendError(ctx, INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR); } } private static final Pattern INSECURE_URI = Pattern.compile(".*[<>&\"].*"); private String sanitizeUri(String uri) { try { uri = URLDecoder.decode(uri, "UTF-8"); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { try { uri = URLDecoder.decode(uri, "ISO-8859-1"); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) { throw new Error(); } } if (!uri.startsWith(url)) { return null; } if (!uri.startsWith("/")) { return null; } uri = uri.replace('/', File.separatorChar); if (uri.contains(File.separator + '.') || uri.contains('.' + File.separator) || uri.startsWith(".") || uri.endsWith(".") || INSECURE_URI.matcher(uri).matches()) { return null; } return System.getProperty("user.dir") + File.separator + uri; } private static final Pattern ALLOWED_FILE_NAME = Pattern .compile("[A-Za-z0-9][-_A-Za-z0-9\\.]*"); private static void sendListing(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, File dir) { FullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HTTP_1_1, OK); response.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE, "text/html; charset=UTF-8"); StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(); String dirPath = dir.getPath(); buf.append("<!DOCTYPE html>\r\n"); buf.append("<html><head><title>"); buf.append(dirPath); buf.append(" 目录:"); buf.append("</title></head><body>\r\n"); buf.append("<h3>"); buf.append(dirPath).append(" 目录:"); buf.append("</h3>\r\n"); buf.append("<ul>"); buf.append("<li>链接:<a href=\"../\">..</a></li>\r\n"); for (File f : dir.listFiles()) { if (f.isHidden() || !f.canRead()) { continue; } String name = f.getName(); if (!ALLOWED_FILE_NAME.matcher(name).matches()) { continue; } buf.append("<li>链接:<a href=\""); buf.append(name); buf.append("\">"); buf.append(name); buf.append("</a></li>\r\n"); } buf.append("</ul></body></html>\r\n"); ByteBuf buffer = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(buf, CharsetUtil.UTF_8); response.content().writeBytes(buffer); buffer.release(); ctx.writeAndFlush(response).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE); } private static void sendRedirect(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String newUri) { FullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HTTP_1_1, FOUND); response.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.LOCATION, newUri); ctx.writeAndFlush(response).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE); } private static void sendError(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, HttpResponseStatus status) { FullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HTTP_1_1, status, Unpooled.copiedBuffer("Failure: " + status.toString() + "\r\n", CharsetUtil.UTF_8)); response.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE, "text/plain; charset=UTF-8"); ctx.writeAndFlush(response).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE); } private static void setContentTypeHeader(HttpResponse response, File file) { MimetypesFileTypeMap mimeTypesMap = new MimetypesFileTypeMap(); response.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE, mimeTypesMap.getContentType(file.getPath())); } }

上面的代码注释相对详细,这里大致梳理一下。

(1) 不能解码返回400,只支持GET请求,否则返回405.

(2) 对url包装,使用UTF-8字符集,转换为绝对path

(3) 如果是目录,创建一个html页面

(4) 如果是文件,设置content-type和content-length,使用netty的chunkedfile直接写到缓冲,异步的方式

(5) 如果是非keepalived的,服务器端主动关闭,否则等待客户端主动关闭。

参考资料

https://www.cnblogs.com/luxiaoxun/p/3959450.html

https://www.cnblogs.com/carl10086/p/6185095.html

https://blog.csdn.net/suifeng3051/article/details/22800171

https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_34163739/article/details/108820355