目的

目前许多系统项目之间的调用,有基于微服务的,有通过HTTP请求的,还有通过mq的。

那么在处理一次请求的时候,可能会调用多个服务或者调用多个其他系统功能,这样就会产生很多的日志,此时,如果想查看这一次调用的完整的请求链路的日志时,就会变得比较困难,虽然我们有一些集中的日志收集工具比如ELK,我们需要把这一些日志串联起来,这个问题很关键,因为如果没有串联起来,排查日志就是一件很困难的事情。

2、解决办法

一般来说,系统之间的调用不外乎两种:http和dubbo。当然还有通过中间件mq的形式(SpringCloud也是基于MVC容器调用),系统内部有task定时任务等。

对于http请求:我们的做法是在最开始请求系统时候生成一个全局唯一的TraceID,放在http 请求header中,系统接收到请求后,从header中取出这个TraceID,放入MDC中,这个TraceID伴随着这整个请求的调用周期,即当一个服务调用另外一个服务的时候,需要往下传递,从而形成一条链路,这样当我们查看日志时,只需要根据关键搜索这个TraceID,整条调用链路的日志都可以查出来。

对于dubbo请求:我们可以在最开始请求的时候生成一个全局唯一性TraceID,放入RpcContext中,但是有这么一个问题,RpcContext只能做到消费者和提供者共享同一个RpcContext,假设我有一种调用关系,serverA -> serverB -> serverC,A->B的时候可以获取相同内容的RpcContext,但是B->C时候,A和C就无法共享相同内容的RpcContext了,对于这种情况我们利用ThreadLocal进行解决,我们先从RpcContext取出TraceID,放入ThreadLocal中,当调用别的服务再放入RpcContext中即可。当然利用MDC可以实现。

对于系统内部的task任务:同样在每个task开始执行之前系统内部生成一个全局唯一TraceID,然后把TraceID放入MDC中。

对于mq:与上面相同,在每个MQ listener处理数据开始之前调用一个共公方法生成一个全局唯一TraceID,然后把TraceID放入MDC中。

经过这些处理之后,我们在打印日志的时候只需要从MDC取出TraceID打印出来即可。

3、适用范围

语言环境:Java

项目架构:SSM项目。SpringBoot项目,dubbo服务,SpringCloud 微服务

日志框架:log4j,logback

二、代码示例

1、Dubbo请求:

自定义一个Filter,实现com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Filter即可

Comsumer:

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@Slf4j @Activate(group = Constants.CONSUMER) public class ComsumerFilter implements Filter { public final static String TRACE_ID = "TraceID"; public final static String MDC_UUID = "mdc_uuid"; @Override public Result invoke(Invoker<?> invoker, Invocation invocation) throws RpcException { String interfaceName = invoker.getInterface().getName(); String methodName = invocation.getMethodName(); String REQ_SERVICE = interfaceName + "." + methodName; String SOURCE_IP = RpcContext.getContext().getRemoteAddressString(); String traceID = RpcContext.getContext().getAttachment(TRACE_ID); if (StringUtils.isBlank(traceID)) { traceID = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", ""); } RpcContext.getContext().setAttachment(TRACE_ID, traceID); MDC.put(MDC_UUID, traceID); long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); Result result = null; try { result = invoker.invoke(invocation); if (result.hasException()) { log.error("Consumer.调用dubbo服务发生异常:called by [{}] service [{}] method [{}] fail", SOURCE_IP, interfaceName, methodName); log.error("Consumer.TraceFilter occurs exception", result.getException()); } } catch (Exception e) { log.error("Consumer.dubbo异常:traceID:[{}] called by [{}] service [{}] method [{}] exception [{}] ", traceID, SOURCE_IP, invoker.getInterface().getName(), invocation.getMethodName(), e.getClass().getName() + e.getMessage()); } finally { log.info("Consumer.dubbo返回:traceID:[{}] 消费方 [{}] 接口 [{}] 返回值 [{}] 耗时 {} 毫秒", traceID, SOURCE_IP, REQ_SERVICE, JSON.toJSONString(result), System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime); } return result; } }

Provider:

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@Slf4j @Activate(group = Constants.PROVIDER) public class ProviderFilter implements Filter { public final static String TRACE_ID = "TraceID"; public final static String MDC_UUID = "mdc_uuid"; @Override public Result invoke(Invoker<?> invoker, Invocation invocation) throws RpcException { String traceID = MDC.get(MDC_UUID); String interfaceName = invoker.getInterface().getSimpleName(); String methodName = invocation.getMethodName(); String REQ_SERVICE = interfaceName + "." + methodName; String SOURCE_IP = RpcContext.getContext().getRemoteAddressString(); if (StringUtils.isBlank(traceID)) { traceID = RpcContext.getContext().getAttachment(TRACE_ID); } if (StringUtils.isBlank(traceID)) { traceID = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", ""); } RpcContext.getContext().setAttachment(TRACE_ID, traceID); Object[] args = invocation.getArguments(); long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); String logReqParam = JSON.toJSONString(args); MDC.put(MDC_UUID, TRACE_ID); log.info("Provider.dubbo请求:traceID:[{}] 消费方 [{}] 接口 [{}] 报文 [{}] ", traceID, SOURCE_IP, REQ_SERVICE, logReqParam); Result result = null; try { result = invoker.invoke(invocation); if (result.hasException()) { log.error("Provider.调用dubbo服务发生异常:called by [{}] service [{}] method [{}] fail", SOURCE_IP, interfaceName, methodName); log.error("TraceFilter occurs exception", result.getException()); } } catch (Exception e) { log.error("Provider.dubbo异常:traceID:[{}] called by [{}] service [{}] method [{}] exception [{}] ", traceID, SOURCE_IP, invoker.getInterface().getName(), invocation.getMethodName(), e.getClass().getName() + e.getMessage(), e); throw e; } finally { log.info("Provider.dubbo返回:traceID:[{}] 消费方 [{}] 接口 [{}] 返回值 [{}] 耗时 {} 毫秒", traceID, SOURCE_IP, REQ_SERVICE, JSON.toJSONString(result), System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime); MDC.clear(); } return result; } }

dubbo还需要配置com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Filter

在META-INF/dubbo目录下, 添加com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Filter文件, 其内容为 dubboConsumerFilter=com.xxx.ConsumerFilter

名称自定义,=号后面为自定义的dubbofiliter全路径名称

同时需要配置yml文件spring.dubbo.consumer.filter 为dubboConsumerFilter

provider的配置为spring.dubbo.provider.filter 为dubboProviderFilter

2、HTTP请求:

写一个WebContextConfiguration类继承org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport,写一个TraceInterceptor类实现org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor

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import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport; @Configuration public class WebContextConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport { @Override public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) { registry.addInterceptor(buildTraceInter()).addPathPatterns("/**").order(0); } @Bean public TraceInterceptor buildTraceInter() { return new TraceInterceptor(); } }
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import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils; import org.slf4j.MDC; import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; @Slf4j public class TraceInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { public final static String TRACE_ID = "TraceID"; public static final String START_TIMESTAMP = "START_TIMESTAMP"; public static final String TRACE_URI = "trace_uri"; public static final String UNKNOWN = "UNKNOWN"; public final static String MDC_UUID = "mdc_uuid"; @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) { ThreadCache.setVal(START_TIMESTAMP, System.currentTimeMillis()); MDC.put(TRACE_URI, StringUtils.defaultIfBlank(request.getRequestURI(), UNKNOWN)); MDC.put(MDC_UUID, StringUtils.defaultIfBlank(request.getHeader(TRACE_ID), UUIDUtil.generateWithoutSeparator())); return true; } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) { } @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) { log.info("processing completed cost time [{}ms]", System.currentTimeMillis() - (long) ThreadCache.getVal(START_TIMESTAMP)); MDC.clear(); } }

工具类:

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import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; public class ThreadCache { private static final ThreadLocal<Map<String, Object>> LOCAL_CACHE = new ThreadLocal<Map<String, Object>>() { @Override protected Map<String, Object> initialValue() { return new HashMap<>(DEFAULT_SIZE); } }; private static final int DEFAULT_SIZE = 8; public static <T> T getVal(String key) { return (T) LOCAL_CACHE.get().get(key); } public static <T> void setVal(String key, T val) { LOCAL_CACHE.get().put(key, val); } public static void clear(String key) { LOCAL_CACHE.get().remove(key); } }
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import java.util.UUID; public class UUIDUtil { public static String generateWithoutSeparator() { char[] array = new char[32]; int idx = 0; for (char c: generate().toCharArray()) { if (c != 45) { array[idx++] = c; continue; } } return new String(array); } public static String generate() { return UUID.randomUUID().toString(); } }

对于http调用其他系统接口,需要在http工具类里面统一设置

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request.setHeader(Trace.TRACE_ID, MDC.get(Trace.TRACE_ID));

在logback.xml中 只需在pattern中加上往MDC设置的traceID的key即可。

3、mq调用

以rocketMQ为例:

消费者

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import com.aliyun.openservices.ons.api.Action; import com.aliyun.openservices.ons.api.ConsumeContext; import com.aliyun.openservices.ons.api.Message; import com.aliyun.openservices.ons.api.MessageListener; import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils; import org.slf4j.MDC; public abstract class AbstractListener implements MessageListener { public abstract Action doConsume(Message message, ConsumeContext consumeContext); @Override public Action consume(Message message, ConsumeContext consumeContext) { try { String traceId = message.getUserProperties(Trace.TRACE_ID); MDC.put(Trace.TRACE_ID, StringUtils.isNotBlank(traceId) ? traceId : StringUtils.defaultIfBlank(MDC.get(Trace.TRACE_ID), UUIDUtil.generateWithoutSeparator())); return this.doConsume(message, consumeContext); } finally { MDC.clear(); } } }

消费者如何使用

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public class RefundMessageListener extends AbstractListener { @Override public Action doConsume(Message message, ConsumeContext consumeContext) { return null; } }

生产者

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import com.aliyun.openservices.ons.api.Message; import com.aliyun.openservices.ons.api.SendCallback; import com.aliyun.openservices.ons.api.SendResult; import com.aliyun.openservices.ons.api.bean.ProducerBean; import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils; import org.slf4j.MDC; public class ProducerTrace extends ProducerBean { @Override public SendResult send(Message message) { try { String traceId = message.getUserProperties(Trace.TRACE_ID); MDC.put(Trace.TRACE_ID, StringUtils.isNotBlank(traceId) ? traceId : StringUtils.defaultIfBlank(MDC.get(Trace.TRACE_ID), UUIDUtil.generateWithoutSeparator())); return super.send(message); } finally { MDC.clear(); } } }

生产者如何使用:

1、将ProducerTrace注入

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@Configuration public class ProducerClient { @Autowired private RocketMQConfig mqConfig; @Autowired private LocalTransactionChecker localTransactionChecker; @Bean(initMethod = "start", destroyMethod = "shutdown") public ProducerTrace buildProducer() { ProducerTrace producer = new ProducerTrace(); producer.setProperties(mqConfig.getMqProperties()); return producer; } }

2、使用

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@Resource private ProducerTrace producerTrace; public void send(String topic, String tag, String body, Supplier<Boolean> supplier) { Message message = new Message(topic, tag, body.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); SendResult sendResult = producerTrace.send(message) }

参考资料

全链路日志追踪traceId(http、dubbo、mq)