maven 发布到中央仓库-01-概览
2017年9月28日大约 15 分钟
maven 系列
maven-04-发布到中央仓库之 Ignore Licence
maven-06-maven 中央仓库 OSSRH 停止服务，Central Publishing Portal 迁移实战
Jar to Maven
我们经常去 maven 上搜索使用的 jar，非常的方便。但是怎么样将自己的 jar 上传到 Maven 仓库呢？
Register Sonatype
注册 一个 Jira 账户。
Sonatype 还提供了一个名为 OSS 的系统，具体的构件发布是在这个 OSS 系统上。
登录 Sonatype，使用刚才注册的账号。
Create Issue
点击 Create 按钮，将信息补充完整。
选择
Community Support - Open Source Project Repository Hosting (OSSRH)
New Project
其他按照你自己的项目情况填写。
一般，很快会收到回复。内容大致如下：
com.github.houbb has been prepared, now user(s) houbbEcho can:
* Deploy snapshot artifacts into repository https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots
* Deploy release artifacts into the staging repository https://oss.sonatype.org/service/local/staging/deploy/maven2
* Promote staged artifacts into repository 'Releases'
* Download snapshot and release artifacts from group https://oss.sonatype.org/content/groups/public
* Download snapshot, release and staged artifacts from staging group https://oss.sonatype.org/content/groups/stagingGenerate GPG
windows 安装
PS: Windows 请下载 gpg4win
ps: 从官方下载有点慢，我直接从华军软件园下载的。
- 安装检测
λ gpg --version
gpg (GnuPG) 2.0.30 (Gpg4win 2.3.1)
libgcrypt 1.6.5
Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Home: C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Roaming/gnupg
Supported algorithms:
Pubkey: RSA, RSA, RSA, ELG, DSA
Cipher: IDEA, 3DES, CAST5, BLOWFISH, AES, AES192, AES256, TWOFISH,
CAMELLIA128, CAMELLIA192, CAMELLIA256
Hash: MD5, SHA1, RIPEMD160, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512, SHA224
Compression: Uncompressed, ZIP, ZLIB, BZIP2- 生成密匙
λ gpg --gen-key
gpg (GnuPG) 2.0.30; Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foun
This is free software: you are free to change and redistr
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
gpg: keyring `C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Roaming/gnup
gpg: keyring `C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Roaming/gnup
Please select what kind of key you want:
(1) RSA and RSA (default)
(2) DSA and Elgamal
(3) DSA (sign only)
(4) RSA (sign only)
Your selection?
RSA keys may be between 1024 and 4096 bits long.
What keysize do you want? (2048)
Requested keysize is 2048 bits
Please specify how long the key should be valid.
0 = key does not expire
= key expires in n days
w = key expires in n weeks
m = key expires in n months
y = key expires in n years
Key is valid for? (0)
Key does not expire at all
Is this correct? (y/N) y
GnuPG needs to construct a user ID to identify your key.
Real name:全部选择默认，然后让输入名称。
- 输入基本信息
Real name: houbb
Email address: 1060732496@qq.com
Comment: houbb
You selected this USER-ID:
"houbb (houbb) "
Change (N)ame, (C)omment, (E)mail or (O)kay/(Q)uit? O
You need a Passphrase to protect your secret key.
We need to generate a lot of random bytes. It is a good idea to perform
some other action (type on the keyboard, move the mouse, utilize the
disks) during the prime generation; this gives the random number
generator a better chance to gain enough entropy.
We need to generate a lot of random bytes. It is a good idea to perform
some other action (type on the keyboard, move the mouse, utilize the
disks) during the prime generation; this gives the random number
generator a better chance to gain enough entropy.
gpg: C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Roaming/gnupg/trustdb.gpg: trustdb created
gpg: key 93A5D37E marked as ultimately trusted
public and secret key created and signed.
gpg: checking the trustdb
gpg: 3 marginal(s) needed, 1 complete(s) needed, PGP trust model
gpg: depth: 0 valid: 1 signed: 0 trust: 0-, 0q, 0n, 0m, 0f, 1u
pub 2048R/93A5D37E 2019-11-05
Key fingerprint = 9937 FCD0 3381 7A78 5835 0BFA FF95 C30D 93A5 D37E
uid [ultimate] houbb (houbb)
sub 2048R/5F300F72 2019-11-05- 查看公匙
$ gpg --list-keys
C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Roaming/gnupg/pubring.gpg
--------------------------------------------------------
pub 2048R/93A5D37E 2019-11-05
uid [ultimate] houbb (houbb)
sub 2048R/5F300F72 2019-11-059937 FCD0 3381 7A78 5835 0BFA FF95 C30D 93A5 D37E 这个就是公钥ID。
- 将公钥发布到 PGP 密钥服务器
λ gpg --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:11371 --send-keys 9937FCD033817A7858350BFAFF95C30D93A5D37E
gpg: sending key 93A5D37E to hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com- 验证是否上传成功
λ gpg --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:11371 --recv-keys 9937FCD033817A7858350BFAFF95C30D93A5D37E
gpg: requesting key 93A5D37E from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com
gpg: key 93A5D37E: "houbb (houbb) " not changed
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg: unchanged: 1搞定，上传成功。
- 另一次
gpg --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:11371 --send-keys 9B765573E9EE7DF5DB1C9CC84A125640BEBB2D5B
gpg --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:11371 --recv-keys 9B765573E9EE7DF5DB1C9CC84A125640BEBB2D5BMac 安装
Mac 系统。安装 GPG
$ brew install gpg- 校验是否安装成功
$ gpg --version如下:
gpg (GnuPG) 2.2.1
libgcrypt 1.8.1
Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Home: /Users/houbinbin/.gnupg
支持的算法：
公钥：RSA, ELG, DSA, ECDH, ECDSA, EDDSA
对称加密：IDEA, 3DES, CAST5, BLOWFISH, AES, AES192, AES256,
TWOFISH, CAMELLIA128, CAMELLIA192, CAMELLIA256
散列：SHA1, RIPEMD160, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512, SHA224
压缩：不压缩, ZIP, ZLIB, BZIP2- 生成密匙
$ gpg --gen-key按照操作执行，最后提示如下：
公钥和私钥已经生成并经签名。
pub rsa2048 2017-09-28 [SC] [有效至：2019-09-28]
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
uid XXX
sub rsa2048 2017-09-28 [E] [有效至：2019-09-28]- 查看公匙
$ gpg --list-keys如下：
houbinbindeMacBook-Pro:~ houbinbin$ gpg --list-keys
gpg: 正在检查信任度数据库
gpg: marginals needed: 3 completes needed: 1 trust model: pgp
gpg: 深度：0 有效性： 1 已签名： 0 信任度：0-，0q，0n，0m，0f，1u
gpg: 下次信任度数据库检查将于 2019-09-28 进行
/Users/houbinbin/.gnupg/pubring.kbx
-----------------------------------
pub rsa2048 2017-09-28 [SC] [有效至：2019-09-28]
6107DF0A8EE6A62EABFDD12914F722543E7D2C1E
uid [ 绝对 ] houbb
sub rsa2048 2017-09-28 [E] [有效至：2019-09-28]6107DF0A8EE6A62EABFDD12914F722543E7D2C1E 这个就是公钥ID。
- 将公钥发布到 PGP 密钥服务器
$ gpg --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:11371 --send-keys 6107DF0A8EE6A62EABFDD12914F722543E7D2C1E结果
gpg: 将密钥‘14F722543E7D2C1E’上传到 hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:11371- 验证是否上传成功
$ gpg --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:11371 --recv-keys 6107DF0A8EE6A62EABFDD12914F722543E7D2C1E如下
gpg: 密钥 14F722543E7D2C1E：“houbb ”未改变
gpg: 合计被处理的数量：1
gpg: 未改变：1Maven
对于 maven 需要进行配置修改。
$ mvn -v
Apache Maven 3.3.9 (bb52d8502b132ec0a5a3f4c09453c07478323dc5; 2015-11-11T00:41:47+08:00)
Maven home: /usr/local/maven/maven3.3.9
Java version: 1.8.0_91, vendor: Oracle Corporation
Java home: /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_91.jdk/Contents/Home/jre
Default locale: zh_CN, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "mac os x", version: "10.12.6", arch: "x86_64", family: "mac"settings.xml
- 用户名/密码
修改 maven 全局配置 settings.xml，
oss
用户名
密码用户名/密码为最初我们在 JIRA(Sonatype) 申请的账户信息。
- GPG 配置
release
true
gpg
密钥的密码配置这个之后就不用每次 GPG 加密手动指定密码了。
pom.xml
此文件为需要上传的 maven project pom.xml。
添加配置如下：
thread
thread4j
org.sonatype.oss
oss-parent
7
The Apache Software License, Version 2.0
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt
repo
https://github.com/houbb/thread
https://github.com/houbb/thread.git
https://houbb.github.io/
houbb
houbinbin.echo@gmail.com
https://houbb.github.io/
oss
OSS Snapshots Repository
https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots/
oss
OSS Releases Repository
https://oss.sonatype.org/service/local/staging/deploy/maven2/
release
org.apache.maven.plugins
maven-source-plugin
2.2.1
package
jar-no-fork
org.apache.maven.plugins
maven-javadoc-plugin
2.9.1
package
jar
org.apache.maven.plugins
maven-gpg-plugin
1.5
verify
sign
oss
https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots/
oss
https://oss.sonatype.org/service/local/staging/deploy/maven2/必须包括：name、description、url、licenses、developers、scm 等基本信
snapshotRepository 与 repository 中的 id 一定要与
setting.xml中 server 的 id 保持一致。maven 多模块只需要在父模块中添加以上信息即可。
上传到 OOS
$ mvn clean deploy -P sonatype-oss-release -Darguments="gpg.passphrase=设置gpg设置密钥时候输入的Passphrase"mvn clean deploy -P release -Darguments="gpg.passphrase=XXXXXXXX"
如果只输入 mvn clean deploy -P release 会弹出密码输入框，输入对应的密码。(Windows 环境)
然后等待发布完成即可。
stagingRepositories 中拉倒最下方或者是直接模糊查询，应该可以找到我们刚才发布的 jar。
close
勾选我们的jar，点击上方的 close。会对项目进行校验(源码、文档、签名等)
如果不合格下方会有对应的错误提示。
顺利的话 status 会变成 closed。然后进行下一步。
release
勾选我们的jar，点击上方的 release。
点击之后，当前构件就会消失。
构件已成功发布
在 Issue 下面回复一条 构件已成功发布 的评论，
这是为了通知 Sonatype 的工作人员为需要发布的构件做审批，发布后会关闭该 Issue。
这个，又只能等待了，当然他们晚上上班，还是第二天看。当审批通过后，将会收到邮件通知。
从中央仓库中搜索构件
这时，就可以在 maven 的中央仓库中搜索到自己发布的构件了，以后可以直接在 pom.xml 中使用了！
中央仓库搜索网站：http://search.maven.org/
第一次成功发布之后，以后就不用这么麻烦了，可以直接使用 Group Id 发布任何的构件，当然前提是 Group Id 没有变。
以后的发布流程：
构件完成后直接使用 maven 在命令行上传构建；
在 https://oss.sonatype.org/ 中 close 并 release 构件；
等待同步好（大约2小时多）之后，就可以使用了
BLOG
http://blog.csdn.net/hj7jay/article/details/51130398
http://blog.csdn.net/wf632856695/article/details/71405311
http://blog.csdn.net/ljbmxsm/article/details/78009268
常见问题
GPG 签名失败
- 问题描述
不知道是否是 windows 和 mac 同时操作，会导致一方失效。
Mac 上传 jar 时出现报错：
gpg: 签名时失败： Inappropriate ioctl for device
gpg: signing failed: Inappropriate ioctl for device- 解决方式
1、命令行打开 ~/.gnupg 文件夹
2、添加 gpg.conf 文件，内容如下：
use-agent
pinentry-mode loopback3、添加 gpg-agent.conf，内容如下：
allow-loopback-pinentry重新尝试即可。
setting.xml
文件内容如下：
/path/to/local/repo
-->
true
-->
false
-->
com.your.plugins
-->
org.sonarsource.scanner.maven
optional
true
http
proxyuser
proxypass
proxy.host.net
80
local.net|some.host.com
-->
deploymentRepo
repouser
repopwd
-->
siteServer
/path/to/private/key
optional; leave empty if not used.
-->
releases
admin
admin123
snapshots
admin
admin123
oss
用户名
密码
mirrorId
repositoryId
Human Readable Name for this Mirror.
http://my.repository.com/repo/path
-->
nexus-osc
central
Nexus osc
http://maven.oschina.net/content/groups/public/
nexus-osc-thirdparty
thirdparty
Nexus osc thirdparty
http://maven.oschina.net/content/repositories/thirdparty/
-->
nexus
*
http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/groups/public
-->
alimaven
central
aliyun maven
http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/
-->
sonar
true
jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sonar?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
sonar
sonar
http://localhost:9000
| or the command line, profiles have to have an ID that is unique.
|
| An encouraged best practice for profile identification is to use a consistent naming convention
| for profiles, such as 'env-dev', 'env-test', 'env-production', 'user-jdcasey', 'user-brett', etc.
| This will make it more intuitive to understand what the set of introduced profiles is attempting
| to accomplish, particularly when you only have a list of profile id's for debug.
|
| This profile example uses the JDK version to trigger activation, and provides a JDK-specific repo.
jdk-1.4
1.4
jdk14
Repository for JDK 1.4 builds
http://www.myhost.com/maven/jdk14
default
always
-->
| org.myco.myplugins
| myplugin
|
|
| ${tomcatPath}
|
|
| ...
|
| NOTE: If you just wanted to inject this configuration whenever someone set 'target-env' to
| anything, you could just leave off the inside the activation-property.
|
env-dev
target-env
dev
/path/to/tomcat/instance
-->
public-snapshots
public-snapshots
http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/groups/public
true
true
public-snapshots
http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/groups/public
true
true
ossrh
true
gpg
密码
alwaysActiveProfile
anotherAlwaysActiveProfile
public-snapshots
-->windows 实战记录
下载 gpg
gpg4win 下载安装
推荐使用 Gpg4win-Vanilla 版本，因为它仅包括 GnuPG，这个工具才是我们所需要的。
此处我下载的是 gpg4win-vanilla-2.3.4.exe 2017-07-06 15:46 3.2M 这个文件。
安装
直接双击安装。
- 验证
$ gpg --version日志信息如下：
C:\Users\binbin.hou>gpg --version
gpg (GnuPG) 2.0.30 (Gpg4win 2.3.4)
libgcrypt 1.7.8
Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Home: C:/Users/binbin.hou/AppData/Roaming/gnupg
Supported algorithms:
Pubkey: RSA, RSA, RSA, ELG, DSA
Cipher: IDEA, 3DES, CAST5, BLOWFISH, AES, AES192, AES256, TWOFISH,
CAMELLIA128, CAMELLIA192, CAMELLIA256
Hash: MD5, SHA1, RIPEMD160, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512, SHA224
Compression: Uncompressed, ZIP, ZLIB, BZIP2生成密钥对
$ gpg --gen-key这里选择默认的第一个。
之后往下，会让你输入用户名和邮箱，还有一个Passphase，相当于密钥库密码，不要忘记。
查看公钥
gpg --list-keys如下：
C:/Users/binbin.hou/AppData/Roaming/gnupg/pubring.gpg
-----------------------------------------------------
pub 2048R/401804C3 2019-05-01
uid [ultimate] houbb (gpg)
sub 2048R/C45E13DE 2019-05-01我这里的公钥 ID 是 401804C3 马上就会用到了。
将公钥发布到 PGP 密钥服务器
$ gpg --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:11371 --send-keys 401804C3验证是否上传成功
$ gpg --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:11371 --recv-keys 401804C3日志信息如下：
gpg: requesting key 401804C3 from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com
gpg: key 401804C3: "houbb (gpg) " not changed
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg: unchanged: 1剩下的就和 mac 一样了。
setting.xml
有时候 idea 指定 的 xml 好像没有用，建议使用 setting.xml 进行相关的修改。
过期报错
时隔一段时间之后，发现 gpg 验证时报错。
大概意思就是【17f0276c401804c3】在 http://pool.sks-keyservers.net:11371 找不到。
gpg --keyserver hkp://pool.sks-keyservers.net:11371 --send-keys 17f0276c401804c3
gpg --keyserver hkp://pool.sks-keyservers.net:11371 --recv-keys 17f0276c401804c3这个直接重新上传，然后等待一段时间即可
GPG 删除 keys
一开始生成多个，感觉没啥用，这里执行以下删除。
查看：
gpg --k 或者 gpg --list-keys 查看已有的信息：
C:/Users/dh/AppData/Roaming/gnupg/pubring.gpg
---------------------------------------------
pub 2048R/48848916 2022-08-17
uid [ultimate] houbb
sub 2048R/C424FB1D 2022-08-17
pub 2048R/CEC51B24 2022-08-17
uid [ultimate] houbb
sub 2048R/91CB7C04 2022-08-17删除私钥：
gpg --delete-secret-keys 48848916执行删除公钥：
gpg --delete-keys 48848916访问 maven 太慢
测速
直接站长工具测速，http://tool.chinaz.com/speedtest/oss.sonatype.org
修改 hosts
35.169.48.141 https://oss.sonatype.org/立刻生效
cmd 执行命令：
ipconfig /flushdns执行报错
报错
'gpg' 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序或批处理文件。原因
对应的 pgp 在当前路径找不到。需要配置对应的 PATH。
然后就是安装路径中，exe 只有 pgp2.exe
解决方案
- setting.xml
release
true
gpg2
密码- 执行命令
不过这个是临时的，也可以配置环境变量，设置为永久的。
SET PATH=%PATH%;C:\Program Files (x86)\GNU\GnuPG参考资料
贡献者
binbin.hou