前言

大家好，我是老马。很高兴遇到你。

我们为 java 开发者实现了 java 版本的 nginx

https://github.com/houbb/nginx4j

如果你想知道 servlet 如何处理的，可以参考我的另一个项目：

手写从零实现简易版 tomcat minicat

手写 nginx 系列

如果你对 nginx 原理感兴趣，可以阅读：

从零手写实现 nginx-01-为什么不能有 java 版本的 nginx?

从零手写实现 nginx-02-nginx 的核心能力

从零手写实现 nginx-03-nginx 基于 Netty 实现

从零手写实现 nginx-04-基于 netty http 出入参优化处理

从零手写实现 nginx-05-MIME类型（Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions，多用途互联网邮件扩展类型）

从零手写实现 nginx-06-文件夹自动索引

从零手写实现 nginx-07-大文件下载

从零手写实现 nginx-08-范围查询

从零手写实现 nginx-09-文件压缩

从零手写实现 nginx-10-sendfile 零拷贝

从零手写实现 nginx-11-file+range 合并

从零手写实现 nginx-12-keep-alive 连接复用

环境说明

本地 windows 使用 WSL

安装预构建的 Ubuntu 包

NGINX 为以下 Ubuntu 操作系统提供包：

版本 代号 支持的平台
20.04 focal x86_64, aarch64/arm64, s390x
22.04 jammy x86_64, aarch64/arm64, s390x
22.10 kinetic x86_64, aarch64/arm64
23.04 lunar x86_64, aarch64/arm64

可以从以下位置安装该包：

  • 默认的 Ubuntu 存储库。这是最快的方法，但通常提供的包已过时。

  • nginx.org 上的官方存储库。第一次必须设置 apt-get 存储库，但之后提供的包始终是最新的。

从 Ubuntu 存储库安装预构建的 Ubuntu 包

  1. 更新 Ubuntu 存储库信息：
sudo apt-get update
  1. 安装包：
sudo apt-get install nginx
  1. 验证安装：
sudo nginx -v

日志如下：

nginx version: nginx/1.18.0 (Ubuntu)

直接访问

$ curl http://localhost

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

常见操作命令

1. 查看状态

查看 Nginx 状态（检查是否正在运行）：

   sudo systemctl status nginx

如下：

 nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Sat 2024-05-11 10:38:03 CST; 4min 2s ago
       Docs: man:nginx(8)
    Process: 1537 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Process: 1538 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 1645 (nginx)
      Tasks: 17 (limit: 9362)
     Memory: 18.0M
     CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
             ├─1645 "nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on;"
             ├─1648 "nginx: worker process" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" >
             ├─1649 "nginx: worker process" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" >
             ├─1650 "nginx: worker process" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" >
             ├─1651 "nginx: worker process" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" >
             ├─1652 "nginx: worker process" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" >
             ├─1653 "nginx: worker process" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" >
             ├─1654 "nginx: worker process" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" >
             ├─1655 "nginx: worker process" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" >
             ├─1656 "nginx: worker process" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" >
             ├─1657 "nginx: worker process" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" >
             ├─1658 "nginx: worker process" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" >
             ├─1659 "nginx: worker process" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" >
             ├─1660 "nginx: worker process" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" >
             ├─1661 "nginx: worker process" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" >
             ├─1662 "nginx: worker process" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" >
             └─1663 "nginx: worker process" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" >

May 11 10:38:03 d systemd[1]: Starting A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server...

2. 启停 nginx

启动 Nginx

   sudo systemctl start nginx

可以状态确认：

$ sudo systemctl status nginx

$ sudo systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Sat 2024-05-11 10:44:40 CST; 11s ago
       Docs: man:nginx(8)
    Process: 3631 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Process: 3632 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 3633 (nginx)
      Tasks: 17 (limit: 9362)
     Memory: 14.1M
     CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
     ...

停止 Nginx

   sudo systemctl stop nginx

停止后查看状态：

$ sudo systemctl status nginx
○ nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: inactive (dead) since Sat 2024-05-11 10:43:42 CST; 2s ago
       Docs: man:nginx(8)
    Process: 3396 ExecStop=/sbin/start-stop-daemon --quiet --stop --retry QUIT/5 --pidfile /run/nginx.pid (code=exited,>
   Main PID: 1645 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

May 11 10:38:03 d systemd[1]: Starting A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server...
May 11 10:38:03 d systemd[1]: Started A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server.
May 11 10:43:42 d systemd[1]: Stopping A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server...
May 11 10:43:42 d systemd[1]: nginx.service: Deactivated successfully.
May 11 10:43:42 d systemd[1]: Stopped A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server.

重启

个人理解：重启=关闭+启动

sudo systemctl restart nginx

启动时自动运行 nginx

作用：可以让 ngix 是否在机器重启后服务自动运行。

  1. 使 Nginx 在启动时自动运行： 
    sudo systemctl enable nginx
  2. 禁止 Nginx 在启动时自动运行： 
    sudo systemctl disable nginx

chat

ubuntu 安装 nginx 之后，如何启停 nginx，常用命令有哪些？

在 Ubuntu 系统上安装 Nginx 之后，你可以通过以下命令来启动、停止和检查 Nginx 服务的状态：

  1. 启动 Nginx： 
    sudo systemctl start nginx
  2. 停止 Nginx： 
    sudo systemctl stop nginx
  3. 重载 Nginx 配置（在修改配置文件后，使更改生效）： 
    sudo systemctl reload nginx
  4. 查看 Nginx 状态（检查是否正在运行）： 
    sudo systemctl status nginx
  5. 使 Nginx 在启动时自动运行： 
    sudo systemctl enable nginx
  6. 禁止 Nginx 在启动时自动运行： 
    sudo systemctl disable nginx
  7. 重启 Nginx 服务： 
    sudo systemctl restart nginx

此外，有时你可能需要检查 Nginx 的配置文件是否有语法错误，可以使用以下命令：

sudo nginx -t

如果配置正确，它会输出成功的消息；如果有错误，它会显示错误信息。

参考资料

nginx 一把梭！（超详细讲解+实操）

一个简单的Nginx入门案例

https://juejin.cn/post/7293176193322729510