事务监控与追踪：分布式事务系统的可视化洞察

老马啸西风2025/9/1大约 10 分钟

事务监控与追踪：分布式事务系统的可视化洞察

在复杂的分布式系统中，事务的执行过程涉及多个服务、数据库和中间件，其执行路径往往错综复杂。如果没有完善的监控和追踪机制，当系统出现问题时，我们很难快速定位故障原因和影响范围。事务监控与追踪是分布式事务系统中不可或缺的重要组成部分，它为我们提供了系统的可视化洞察，帮助我们更好地理解和优化系统性能。本章将深入探讨分布式事务的监控与追踪技术。

@Configuration
public class OpenTelemetryConfig {
    
    @Bean
    public OpenTelemetry openTelemetry() {
        // 创建OpenTelemetry实例
        return OpenTelemetrySdk.builder()
            .setTracerProvider(SdkTracerProvider.builder()
                .addSpanProcessor(BatchSpanProcessor.builder(OtlpGrpcSpanExporter.builder()
                    .setEndpoint("http://localhost:4317")
                    .build()).build())
                .setResource(Resource.getDefault()
                    .merge(Resource.create(Attributes.of(
                        ResourceAttributes.SERVICE_NAME, "order-service"))))
                .build())
            .buildAndRegisterGlobal();
    }
    
    @Bean
    public Tracer tracer(OpenTelemetry openTelemetry) {
        return openTelemetry.getTracer("order-service");
    }
}

事务链路追踪实现

@Service
public class OrderService {
    
    @Autowired
    private Tracer tracer;
    
    @Autowired
    private AccountServiceClient accountServiceClient;
    
    @Autowired
    private InventoryServiceClient inventoryServiceClient;
    
    @GlobalTransactional
    public Order createOrder(OrderRequest request) {
        // 创建事务根Span
        Span rootSpan = tracer.spanBuilder("create-order-transaction")
            .setAttribute("order.id", request.getOrderId())
            .setAttribute("user.id", request.getUserId())
            .setAttribute("product.id", request.getProductId())
            .setAttribute("quantity", request.getQuantity())
            .startSpan();
            
        try (Scope scope = rootSpan.makeCurrent()) {
            
            // 1. 预留库存
            Span reserveInventorySpan = tracer.spanBuilder("reserve-inventory")
                .setAttribute("product.id", request.getProductId())
                .setAttribute("quantity", request.getQuantity())
                .startSpan();
                
            try (Scope inventoryScope = reserveInventorySpan.makeCurrent()) {
                inventoryServiceClient.reserve(request.getProductId(), request.getQuantity());
                reserveInventorySpan.setStatus(StatusCode.OK);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                reserveInventorySpan.setStatus(StatusCode.ERROR, e.getMessage());
                throw e;
            } finally {
                reserveInventorySpan.end();
            }
            
            // 2. 创建订单
            Span createOrderSpan = tracer.spanBuilder("create-order")
                .setAttribute("order.id", request.getOrderId())
                .startSpan();
                
            Order order;
            try (Scope orderScope = createOrderSpan.makeCurrent()) {
                order = doCreateOrder(request);
                createOrderSpan.setStatus(StatusCode.OK);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                createOrderSpan.setStatus(StatusCode.ERROR, e.getMessage());
                throw e;
            } finally {
                createOrderSpan.end();
            }
            
            // 3. 扣减账户余额
            Span debitAccountSpan = tracer.spanBuilder("debit-account")
                .setAttribute("user.id", request.getUserId())
                .setAttribute("amount", request.getAmount())
                .startSpan();
                
            try (Scope accountScope = debitAccountSpan.makeCurrent()) {
                accountServiceClient.debit(request.getUserId(), request.getAmount());
                debitAccountSpan.setStatus(StatusCode.OK);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                debitAccountSpan.setStatus(StatusCode.ERROR, e.getMessage());
                throw e;
            } finally {
                debitAccountSpan.end();
            }
            
            rootSpan.setStatus(StatusCode.OK);
            return order;
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            rootSpan.setStatus(StatusCode.ERROR, e.getMessage());
            throw e;
        } finally {
            rootSpan.end();
        }
    }
    
    private Order doCreateOrder(OrderRequest request) {
        Order order = new Order();
        order.setOrderId(request.getOrderId());
        order.setUserId(request.getUserId());
        order.setProductId(request.getProductId());
        order.setQuantity(request.getQuantity());
        order.setAmount(request.getAmount());
        order.setStatus(OrderStatus.CREATED);
        return orderRepository.save(order);
    }
}

链路数据可视化

通过Jaeger、Zipkin等链路追踪系统，我们可以将收集到的链路数据进行可视化展示：

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    create-order-transaction                 │
│  Trace ID: 1234567890abcdef                                 │
│  Duration: 1.2s                                            │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  ┌─ reserve-inventory (200ms)                              │
│  │  Product ID: PROD_001                                   │
│  │  Quantity: 2                                            │
│  └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  ┌─ create-order (300ms)                                   │
│  │  Order ID: ORDER_001                                    │
│  └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  ┌─ debit-account (400ms)                                  │
│  │  User ID: USER_001                                      │
│  │  Amount: 200.00                                         │
│  └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  ┌─ send-notification (300ms)                              │
│  │  Type: ORDER_CREATED                                    │
│  └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

@Component
public class TransactionStatusMonitor {
    
    @Autowired
    private TransactionRepository transactionRepository;
    
    @Autowired
    private AlertService alertService;
    
    @Scheduled(fixedRate = 60000) // 每分钟检查一次
    public void monitorTransactionStatus() {
        // 检查超时事务
        List<Transaction> timeoutTransactions = transactionRepository
            .findTimeoutTransactions(5); // 5分钟超时
        
        for (Transaction transaction : timeoutTransactions) {
            // 发送告警
            alertService.sendAlert("Transaction timeout detected", 
                "Transaction ID: " + transaction.getId() + 
                ", Status: " + transaction.getStatus() + 
                ", Created Time: " + transaction.getCreateTime());
            
            // 记录监控指标
            meterRegistry.counter("transaction.timeout").increment();
        }
        
        // 检查失败事务
        List<Transaction> failedTransactions = transactionRepository
            .findFailedTransactions(10); // 10分钟内的失败事务
        
        if (!failedTransactions.isEmpty()) {
            // 发送告警
            alertService.sendAlert("Transaction failures detected", 
                "Failed transaction count: " + failedTransactions.size());
            
            // 记录监控指标
            meterRegistry.counter("transaction.failure").increment(failedTransactions.size());
        }
    }
}

性能指标监控

@Component
public class TransactionPerformanceMonitor {
    
    private final MeterRegistry meterRegistry;
    
    public void recordTransactionMetrics(String transactionType, boolean success, 
                                       long duration, int retryCount) {
        // 记录事务执行时间
        Timer.Sample sample = Timer.start(meterRegistry);
        sample.stop(Timer.builder("transaction.duration")
            .tag("type", transactionType)
            .tag("success", String.valueOf(success))
            .register(meterRegistry));
        
        // 记录重试次数
        if (retryCount > 0) {
            Counter.builder("transaction.retry")
                .tag("type", transactionType)
                .register(meterRegistry)
                .increment(retryCount);
        }
        
        // 记录成功率
        Counter.builder("transaction." + (success ? "success" : "failure"))
            .tag("type", transactionType)
            .register(meterRegistry)
            .increment();
    }
}

补偿机制触发

当检测到事务异常时，需要及时触发补偿机制：

@Component
public class TransactionCompensationHandler {
    
    @Autowired
    private CompensationService compensationService;
    
    @Autowired
    private TransactionRepository transactionRepository;
    
    @EventListener
    public void handleTransactionTimeout(TransactionTimeoutEvent event) {
        Transaction transaction = event.getTransaction();
        
        // 更新事务状态
        transaction.setStatus(TransactionStatus.COMPENSATING);
        transactionRepository.update(transaction);
        
        try {
            // 执行补偿操作
            compensationService.compensate(transaction);
            
            // 更新事务状态为已补偿
            transaction.setStatus(TransactionStatus.COMPENSATED);
            transactionRepository.update(transaction);
            
            // 发送补偿完成通知
            notificationService.sendCompensationCompletedNotification(transaction);
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // 补偿失败，记录日志并告警
            log.error("Compensation failed for transaction: " + transaction.getId(), e);
            alertService.sendAlert("Transaction compensation failed", 
                "Transaction ID: " + transaction.getId() + ", Error: " + e.getMessage());
            
            // 更新事务状态为补偿失败
            transaction.setStatus(TransactionStatus.COMPENSATION_FAILED);
            transactionRepository.update(transaction);
        }
    }
}

public class TransactionLog {
    
    private String logId;
    private String transactionId;
    private String businessType;
    private String businessId;
    private String service;
    private String operation;
    private String status;
    private Object requestData;
    private Object responseData;
    private String errorMessage;
    private Date startTime;
    private Date endTime;
    private Long duration;
    private String traceId;
    private String spanId;
    
    // getters and setters
}

@Component
public class TransactionLogger {
    
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TransactionLogger.class);
    
    public void logTransactionStart(TransactionContext context) {
        TransactionLog log = new TransactionLog();
        log.setLogId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        log.setTransactionId(context.getTransactionId());
        log.setBusinessType(context.getBusinessType());
        log.setBusinessId(context.getBusinessId());
        log.setService(context.getServiceName());
        log.setOperation(context.getOperation());
        log.setStatus("STARTED");
        log.setRequestData(context.getRequestData());
        log.setStartTime(new Date());
        log.setTraceId(context.getTraceId());
        log.setSpanId(context.getSpanId());
        
        logger.info("Transaction started: {}", toJson(log));
    }
    
    public void logTransactionSuccess(TransactionContext context) {
        TransactionLog log = new TransactionLog();
        log.setLogId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        log.setTransactionId(context.getTransactionId());
        log.setBusinessType(context.getBusinessType());
        log.setBusinessId(context.getBusinessId());
        log.setService(context.getServiceName());
        log.setOperation(context.getOperation());
        log.setStatus("SUCCESS");
        log.setResponseData(context.getResponseData());
        log.setStartTime(context.getStartTime());
        log.setEndTime(new Date());
        log.setDuration(System.currentTimeMillis() - context.getStartTime().getTime());
        log.setTraceId(context.getTraceId());
        log.setSpanId(context.getSpanId());
        
        logger.info("Transaction succeeded: {}", toJson(log));
    }
    
    public void logTransactionFailure(TransactionContext context, Exception e) {
        TransactionLog log = new TransactionLog();
        log.setLogId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        log.setTransactionId(context.getTransactionId());
        log.setBusinessType(context.getBusinessType());
        log.setBusinessId(context.getBusinessId());
        log.setService(context.getServiceName());
        log.setOperation(context.getOperation());
        log.setStatus("FAILED");
        log.setRequestData(context.getRequestData());
        log.setErrorMessage(e.getMessage());
        log.setStartTime(context.getStartTime());
        log.setEndTime(new Date());
        log.setDuration(System.currentTimeMillis() - context.getStartTime().getTime());
        log.setTraceId(context.getTraceId());
        log.setSpanId(context.getSpanId());
        
        logger.error("Transaction failed: {}", toJson(log), e);
    }
    
    private String toJson(Object obj) {
        try {
            return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(obj);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return obj.toString();
        }
    }
}

审计日志实现

审计日志用于记录系统中的重要操作，满足合规性要求：

public class AuditLog {
    
    private String auditId;
    private String userId;
    private String operation;
    private String resourceType;
    private String resourceId;
    private Object beforeData;
    private Object afterData;
    private String ipAddress;
    private Date timestamp;
    private String traceId;
    
    // getters and setters
}

@Aspect
@Component
public class AuditLogAspect {
    
    private static final Logger auditLogger = LoggerFactory.getLogger("AUDIT");
    
    @Autowired
    private HttpServletRequest request;
    
    @Around("@annotation(Auditable)")
    public Object auditOperation(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {
        Auditable auditable = getAuditableAnnotation(joinPoint);
        
        AuditLog auditLog = new AuditLog();
        auditLog.setAuditId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        auditLog.setUserId(getCurrentUserId());
        auditLog.setOperation(auditable.operation());
        auditLog.setResourceType(auditable.resourceType());
        auditLog.setTimestamp(new Date());
        auditLog.setIpAddress(getClientIpAddress());
        
        // 记录操作前的数据
        if (auditable.logBefore()) {
            auditLog.setBeforeData(getResourceData(auditable, joinPoint));
        }
        
        try {
            Object result = joinPoint.proceed();
            
            // 记录操作后的数据
            if (auditable.logAfter()) {
                auditLog.setAfterData(result);
            }
            
            auditLogger.info("Audit log: {}", toJson(auditLog));
            return result;
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            auditLog.setAfterData("ERROR: " + e.getMessage());
            auditLogger.error("Audit log (failed): {}", toJson(auditLog));
            throw e;
        }
    }
    
    private Auditable getAuditableAnnotation(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) {
        MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature();
        return signature.getMethod().getAnnotation(Auditable.class);
    }
    
    private String getCurrentUserId() {
        // 从SecurityContext或JWT中获取用户ID
        Authentication authentication = SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication();
        if (authentication != null && authentication.getPrincipal() instanceof UserDetails) {
            return ((UserDetails) authentication.getPrincipal()).getUsername();
        }
        return "anonymous";
    }
    
    private String getClientIpAddress() {
        return request.getRemoteAddr();
    }
}

日志收集与分析

通过ELK（Elasticsearch、Logstash、Kibana）或类似的日志分析平台，我们可以对事务日志进行集中收集和分析：

@Component
public class LogAnalysisService {
    
    @Autowired
    private ElasticsearchTemplate elasticsearchTemplate;
    
    public List<TransactionAnalysis> analyzeTransactionPerformance(Date startTime, Date endTime) {
        // 构建查询条件
        Query query = new NativeSearchQueryBuilder()
            .withQuery(QueryBuilders.rangeQuery("timestamp")
                .from(startTime.getTime())
                .to(endTime.getTime()))
            .withAggregation(AggregationBuilders.terms("by_service")
                .field("service")
                .subAggregation(AggregationBuilders.avg("avg_duration").field("duration"))
                .subAggregation(AggregationBuilders.max("max_duration").field("duration")))
            .build();
        
        // 执行查询
        SearchHits<TransactionLog> searchHits = elasticsearchTemplate.search(query, TransactionLog.class);
        
        // 分析结果
        List<TransactionAnalysis> analysisList = new ArrayList<>();
        // ... 分析逻辑
        
        return analysisList;
    }
    
    public List<ErrorAnalysis> analyzeTransactionErrors(Date startTime, Date endTime) {
        // 构建错误查询条件
        Query query = new NativeSearchQueryBuilder()
            .withQuery(QueryBuilders.boolQuery()
                .must(QueryBuilders.rangeQuery("timestamp")
                    .from(startTime.getTime())
                    .to(endTime.getTime()))
                .must(QueryBuilders.termQuery("status", "FAILED")))
            .withAggregation(AggregationBuilders.terms("by_error")
                .field("errorMessage")
                .size(10))
            .build();
        
        // 执行查询并分析
        // ... 分析逻辑
        
        return errorAnalysisList;
    }
}

监控面板设计

Grafana监控面板

通过Grafana等可视化工具，我们可以创建丰富的监控面板来展示事务系统的运行状态：

{
  "dashboard": {
    "title": "分布式事务监控面板",
    "panels": [
      {
        "title": "事务成功率",
        "type": "graph",
        "targets": [
          {
            "expr": "rate(transaction_success[5m]) / (rate(transaction_success[5m]) + rate(transaction_failure[5m]))",
            "legendFormat": "成功率"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "事务执行时间分布",
        "type": "heatmap",
        "targets": [
          {
            "expr": "transaction_duration_bucket",
            "format": "heatmap"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "各服务事务量",
        "type": "barchart",
        "targets": [
          {
            "expr": "sum by(service) (transaction_count)",
            "legendFormat": "{{service}}"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "事务超时统计",
        "type": "stat",
        "targets": [
          {
            "expr": "sum(transaction_timeout)",
            "legendFormat": "超时事务数"
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

自定义监控指标

@Component
public class CustomTransactionMetrics {
    
    private final MeterRegistry meterRegistry;
    
    // 事务并发数
    private final Gauge concurrentTransactions;
    private final AtomicInteger currentTransactionCount = new AtomicInteger(0);
    
    // 事务队列长度
    private final Gauge transactionQueueLength;
    private final AtomicInteger queueLength = new AtomicInteger(0);
    
    public CustomTransactionMetrics(MeterRegistry meterRegistry) {
        this.meterRegistry = meterRegistry;
        
        this.concurrentTransactions = Gauge.builder("transaction.concurrent")
            .description("当前并发事务数")
            .register(meterRegistry, currentTransactionCount, AtomicInteger::get);
            
        this.transactionQueueLength = Gauge.builder("transaction.queue.length")
            .description("事务队列长度")
            .register(meterRegistry, queueLength, AtomicInteger::get);
    }
    
    public void incrementTransactionCount() {
        currentTransactionCount.incrementAndGet();
    }
    
    public void decrementTransactionCount() {
        currentTransactionCount.decrementAndGet();
    }
    
    public void setQueueLength(int length) {
        queueLength.set(length);
    }
}

告警策略设计

多维度告警规则

# alert-rules.yml
groups:
  - name: transaction-alerts
    rules:
      # 事务成功率告警
      - alert: TransactionSuccessRateLow
        expr: rate(transaction_success[5m]) / (rate(transaction_success[5m]) + rate(transaction_failure[5m])) < 0.95
        for: 1m
        labels:
          severity: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "事务成功率过低"
          description: "过去5分钟事务成功率低于95%: {{ $value }}"

      # 事务超时告警
      - alert: TransactionTimeoutHigh
        expr: rate(transaction_timeout[5m]) > 10
        for: 1m
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          summary: "事务超时过多"
          description: "过去5分钟事务超时数量超过10个: {{ $value }}"

      # 事务执行时间异常告警
      - alert: TransactionDurationHigh
        expr: histogram_quantile(0.95, sum(rate(transaction_duration_bucket[5m])) by (le)) > 5000
        for: 1m
        labels:
          severity: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "事务执行时间过长"
          description: "95%的事务执行时间超过5秒: {{ $value }}ms"

告警通知渠道

@Component
public class AlertNotificationService {
    
    private final List<NotificationChannel> channels;
    
    public void sendAlert(String title, String message, AlertLevel level) {
        Alert alert = new Alert();
        alert.setTitle(title);
        alert.setMessage(message);
        alert.setLevel(level);
        alert.setTimestamp(new Date());
        
        for (NotificationChannel channel : channels) {
            if (channel.supportsLevel(level)) {
                try {
                    channel.send(alert);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    log.error("Failed to send alert via channel: " + channel.getName(), e);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

public interface NotificationChannel {
    
    String getName();
    
    boolean supportsLevel(AlertLevel level);
    
    void send(Alert alert) throws Exception;
}

@Component
public class EmailNotificationChannel implements NotificationChannel {
    
    @Override
    public String getName() {
        return "email";
    }
    
    @Override
    public boolean supportsLevel(AlertLevel level) {
        return level == AlertLevel.CRITICAL || level == AlertLevel.WARNING;
    }
    
    @Override
    public void send(Alert alert) throws Exception {
        // 发送邮件告警
        emailService.sendAlertEmail(alert);
    }
}

@Component
public class SmsNotificationChannel implements NotificationChannel {
    
    @Override
    public String getName() {
        return "sms";
    }
    
    @Override
    public boolean supportsLevel(AlertLevel level) {
        return level == AlertLevel.CRITICAL;
    }
    
    @Override
    public void send(Alert alert) throws Exception {
        // 发送短信告警
        smsService.sendAlertSms(alert);
    }
}

@Component
public class WebhookNotificationChannel implements NotificationChannel {
    
    @Override
    public String getName() {
        return "webhook";
    }
    
    @Override
    public boolean supportsLevel(AlertLevel level) {
        return true;
    }
    
    @Override
    public void send(Alert alert) throws Exception {
        // 发送Webhook告警
        webhookService.sendAlertWebhook(alert);
    }
}

最佳实践总结

1. 全链路追踪实现

@Component
public class FullLinkTracingService {
    
    @Autowired
    private Tracer tracer;
    
    public <T> T traceTransaction(String operationName, Supplier<T> operation) {
        Span span = tracer.spanBuilder(operationName).startSpan();
        try (Scope scope = span.makeCurrent()) {
            T result = operation.get();
            span.setStatus(StatusCode.OK);
            return result;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            span.setStatus(StatusCode.ERROR, e.getMessage());
            throw e;
        } finally {
            span.end();
        }
    }
}

2. 统一日志格式

public class UnifiedLogger {
    
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger("UNIFIED");
    
    public static void info(String businessType, String businessId, String message, Object... args) {
        LogEntry entry = new LogEntry();
        entry.setTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis());
        entry.setLevel("INFO");
        entry.setBusinessType(businessType);
        entry.setBusinessId(businessId);
        entry.setMessage(message);
        entry.setArgs(Arrays.asList(args));
        entry.setTraceId(MDC.get("traceId"));
        entry.setSpanId(MDC.get("spanId"));
        
        logger.info(toJson(entry));
    }
    
    public static void error(String businessType, String businessId, String message, Throwable throwable) {
        LogEntry entry = new LogEntry();
        entry.setTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis());
        entry.setLevel("ERROR");
        entry.setBusinessType(businessType);
        entry.setBusinessId(businessId);
        entry.setMessage(message);
        entry.setThrowable(throwable);
        entry.setTraceId(MDC.get("traceId"));
        entry.setSpanId(MDC.get("spanId"));
        
        logger.error(toJson(entry), throwable);
    }
}

3. 监控数据持久化

@Component
public class MonitoringDataPersistence {
    
    @Autowired
    private MonitoringDataRepository monitoringDataRepository;
    
    @Scheduled(fixedRate = 60000) // 每分钟持久化一次
    public void persistMonitoringData() {
        // 收集监控数据
        MonitoringData data = collectMonitoringData();
        
        // 持久化到数据库
        monitoringDataRepository.save(data);
        
        // 清理过期数据
        monitoringDataRepository.deleteExpiredData(7); // 保留7天数据
    }
    
    private MonitoringData collectMonitoringData() {
        MonitoringData data = new MonitoringData();
        data.setTimestamp(new Date());
        data.setTransactionSuccessCount(getCounterValue("transaction.success"));
        data.setTransactionFailureCount(getCounterValue("transaction.failure"));
        data.setAverageTransactionDuration(getTimerAverage("transaction.duration"));
        // ... 收集其他监控数据
        return data;
    }
}

总结

事务监控与追踪是分布式事务系统中不可或缺的重要组成部分。通过完善的监控体系，我们可以：

实时了解系统状态：通过可视化面板实时监控事务执行情况
快速定位问题：通过链路追踪快速定位故障点
预防潜在风险：通过告警机制及时发现和处理异常
满足合规要求：通过审计日志满足业务合规性要求
持续优化系统：通过数据分析持续优化系统性能

在实际应用中，我们需要：

选择合适的监控工具：根据团队技术栈选择合适的监控和追踪工具
设计合理的监控指标：从业务和系统两个维度设计监控指标
建立完善的告警机制：设置合理的告警阈值和通知渠道
规范日志格式：统一日志格式，便于分析和排查问题
持续优化监控体系：根据系统演进持续优化监控体系

通过建立完善的事务监控与追踪体系，我们可以大大提升分布式事务系统的可观测性和可靠性，为业务的稳定运行提供有力保障。

事务监控与追踪：分布式事务系统的可视化洞察

事务监控与追踪：分布式事务系统的可视化洞察

分布式事务链路可视化

链路追踪的重要性

OpenTelemetry与链路追踪

基础配置

事务链路追踪实现

链路数据可视化

异常告警与补偿机制

异常检测机制

事务状态监控

性能指标监控

补偿机制触发

日志与审计

结构化日志设计

事务日志结构

审计日志实现

日志收集与分析

监控面板设计

Grafana监控面板

自定义监控指标

告警策略设计

多维度告警规则

告警通知渠道

最佳实践总结

1. 全链路追踪实现

2. 统一日志格式

3. 监控数据持久化

总结