零信任（Zero Trust）架构中的身份新角色: 永不信任，始终验证
2025/9/7大约 12 分钟
在网络安全威胁日益复杂的今天，传统的边界安全模型已经无法有效应对新型攻击手段。零信任（Zero Trust）安全架构作为一种新兴的安全理念，正在重塑企业安全防护体系。在零信任模型中，身份不再仅仅是访问控制的凭证，而是成为安全防护的核心要素。本文将深入探讨零信任架构中身份的新角色，以及如何构建适应零信任要求的现代化身份治理平台。
引言
零信任安全模型的核心理念是"永不信任，始终验证"（Never Trust, Always Verify）。这一理念颠覆了传统的"城堡和护城河"安全模型，不再假设网络内部是安全的，而是要求对每一次访问请求都进行严格验证。在这一新范式下，身份管理系统的角色发生了根本性变化，从被动的认证授权工具转变为主动的安全防护引擎。
零信任安全模型概述
传统安全模型的局限性
零信任安全模型核心原则
public class ZeroTrustPrinciples {
// 零信任核心原则
public enum CorePrinciple {
NEVER_TRUST_ALWAYS_VERIFY("永不信任，始终验证"),
ASSUME_BREACH("假设已遭破坏"),
LEAST_PRIVILEGE("最小权限"),
EXPLICIT_VERIFICATION("显式验证"),
MICROSEGMENTATION("微隔离");
private final String description;
CorePrinciple(String description) {
this.description = description;
}
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
}
// 零信任架构组件
public class ZeroTrustArchitecture {
// 身份引擎
public class IdentityEngine {
private final ContinuousAuthenticationService continuousAuth;
private final RiskAssessmentService riskAssessment;
private final ContextAwareService contextAware;
public VerificationResult verifyAccess(AccessRequest request) {
// 1. 身份验证
AuthenticationResult authResult = continuousAuth.authenticate(
request.getIdentity(),
request.getCredentials()
);
if (!authResult.isSuccess()) {
return VerificationResult.denied("身份验证失败");
}
// 2. 设备验证
DeviceVerificationResult deviceResult = verifyDevice(request.getDevice());
if (!deviceResult.isTrusted()) {
return VerificationResult.denied("设备验证失败");
}
// 3. 环境验证
EnvironmentVerificationResult envResult = verifyEnvironment(request.getEnvironment());
if (!envResult.isSecure()) {
return VerificationResult.denied("环境验证失败");
}
// 4. 风险评估
RiskAssessment riskAssessment = this.riskAssessment.assess(
request, authResult, deviceResult, envResult
);
// 5. 上下文感知决策
ContextDecision decision = contextAware.makeDecision(
request, authResult, deviceResult, envResult, riskAssessment
);
return VerificationResult.builder()
.allowed(decision.isAllowed())
.reason(decision.getReason())
.conditions(decision.getConditions())
.confidence(decision.getConfidence())
.build();
}
}
// 策略引擎
public class PolicyEngine {
private final PolicyRepository policyRepository;
private final PolicyEvaluationService policyEvaluator;
public PolicyDecision evaluatePolicy(PolicyEvaluationContext context) {
// 1. 获取适用策略
List<Policy> applicablePolicies = policyRepository.getApplicablePolicies(context);
// 2. 评估策略
PolicyEvaluationResult result = policyEvaluator.evaluate(
applicablePolicies, context
);
// 3. 生成决策
return PolicyDecision.builder()
.allowed(result.isAllowed())
.policyViolations(result.getViolations())
.recommendations(result.getRecommendations())
.build();
}
}
// 数据保护引擎
public class DataProtectionEngine {
private final DataClassificationService classificationService;
private final DataEncryptionService encryptionService;
public DataProtectionResult protectData(DataAccessRequest request) {
// 1. 数据分类
DataClassification classification = classificationService.classify(
request.getResource()
);
// 2. 应用保护策略
ProtectionPolicy policy = getProtectionPolicy(classification);
// 3. 执行保护措施
if (policy.requiresEncryption()) {
encryptionService.encrypt(request.getData());
}
if (policy.requiresTokenization()) {
tokenizationService.tokenize(request.getData());
}
return DataProtectionResult.success();
}
}
}
}身份在零信任中的新角色
从静态凭证到动态信任
class ZeroTrustIdentityService:
def __init__(self, auth_service, risk_service, context_service):
self.auth_service = auth_service
self.risk_service = risk_service
self.context_service = context_service
self.trust_scores = {} # 动态信任评分
def evaluate_identity_trust(self, identity_id, access_context):
"""评估身份信任度"""
# 1. 基础认证状态
auth_status = self.auth_service.get_authentication_status(identity_id)
# 2. 行为分析
behavior_score = self._analyze_behavior_patterns(identity_id, access_context)
# 3. 风险评估
risk_score = self.risk_service.assess_identity_risk(identity_id, access_context)
# 4. 上下文验证
context_score = self.context_service.evaluate_context(identity_id, access_context)
# 5. 计算综合信任评分
trust_score = self._calculate_trust_score(
auth_status, behavior_score, risk_score, context_score
)
# 6. 更新信任评分
self.trust_scores[identity_id] = trust_score
return trust_score
def _calculate_trust_score(self, auth_status, behavior_score, risk_score, context_score):
"""计算综合信任评分"""
# 权重分配
weights = {
'authentication': 0.3,
'behavior': 0.25,
'risk': 0.25,
'context': 0.2
}
# 计算加权分数
trust_score = (
auth_status.score * weights['authentication'] +
behavior_score * weights['behavior'] +
(1 - risk_score) * weights['risk'] + # 风险越低，信任越高
context_score * weights['context']
)
return min(max(trust_score, 0.0), 1.0) # 限制在0-1之间
def continuous_authentication(self, identity_id, session_id):
"""持续认证"""
# 1. 监控会话活动
session_activity = self._monitor_session_activity(session_id)
# 2. 检测异常行为
anomalies = self._detect_anomalies(identity_id, session_activity)
# 3. 动态调整信任评分
if anomalies:
self._adjust_trust_score(identity_id, -0.1 * len(anomalies))
# 4. 触发额外验证
if self.trust_scores.get(identity_id, 1.0) < 0.5:
return self._trigger_additional_verification(identity_id)
return True
def adaptive_access_control(self, identity_id, resource_id, action):
"""自适应访问控制"""
# 1. 评估访问请求
access_context = {
'resource_id': resource_id,
'action': action,
'timestamp': datetime.utcnow(),
'location': self._get_user_location(),
'device': self._get_user_device()
}
# 2. 计算信任评分
trust_score = self.evaluate_identity_trust(identity_id, access_context)
# 3. 根据信任评分决定访问控制策略
if trust_score > 0.8:
# 高信任度 - 允许访问
return AccessDecision.ALLOW
elif trust_score > 0.5:
# 中等信任度 - 条件访问
return self._apply_conditional_access(identity_id, access_context)
else:
# 低信任度 - 拒绝访问
return AccessDecision.DENY身份断言与验证
-- 零信任身份断言表
CREATE TABLE zero_trust_identity_assertions (
id VARCHAR(50) PRIMARY KEY,
identity_id VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
assertion_type VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, -- AUTHENTICATION, DEVICE, CONTEXT, BEHAVIOR
assertion_data JSON NOT NULL, -- 断言数据
confidence_score DECIMAL(3,2) NOT NULL, -- 置信度评分(0-1)
validity_period INT NOT NULL, -- 有效期(秒)
issued_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
expires_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
issuer VARCHAR(100), -- 断言签发者
signature VARCHAR(500), -- 数字签名
FOREIGN KEY (identity_id) REFERENCES unified_identities(id),
INDEX idx_identity_id (identity_id),
INDEX idx_assertion_type (assertion_type),
INDEX idx_expires_at (expires_at),
INDEX idx_confidence_score (confidence_score)
);
-- 身份信任评分历史表
CREATE TABLE identity_trust_history (
id VARCHAR(50) PRIMARY KEY,
identity_id VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
trust_score DECIMAL(3,2) NOT NULL,
score_components JSON, -- 评分组成部分
assessment_reason TEXT, -- 评估原因
assessed_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
FOREIGN KEY (identity_id) REFERENCES unified_identities(id),
INDEX idx_identity_id (identity_id),
INDEX idx_trust_score (trust_score),
INDEX idx_assessed_at (assessed_at)
);
-- 持续验证事件表
CREATE TABLE continuous_verification_events (
id VARCHAR(50) PRIMARY KEY,
identity_id VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
session_id VARCHAR(100),
verification_type VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, -- BEHAVIOR, DEVICE, LOCATION
event_data JSON NOT NULL,
risk_score DECIMAL(3,2), -- 风险评分
action_taken VARCHAR(50), -- ALLOW, CHALLENGE, DENY
timestamp TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
FOREIGN KEY (identity_id) REFERENCES unified_identities(id),
INDEX idx_identity_id (identity_id),
INDEX idx_session_id (session_id),
INDEX idx_verification_type (verification_type),
INDEX idx_timestamp (timestamp)
);// 零信任身份验证服务
class ZeroTrustIdentityVerification {
constructor(identityService, deviceService, riskService) {
this.identityService = identityService;
this.deviceService = deviceService;
this.riskService = riskService;
this.assertionCache = new Map();
}
// 零信任身份验证
async verifyIdentityZeroTrust(accessRequest) {
const { identityId, resource, action, context } = accessRequest;
// 1. 收集验证证据
const evidence = await this._collectVerificationEvidence(
identityId, context
);
// 2. 生成身份断言
const assertions = await this._generateIdentityAssertions(
identityId, evidence
);
// 3. 评估整体信任度
const trustAssessment = await this._assessOverallTrust(
identityId, assertions
);
// 4. 做出访问决策
const decision = await this._makeAccessDecision(
identityId, resource, action, trustAssessment
);
// 5. 记录验证过程
await this._logVerificationProcess(
identityId, evidence, assertions, decision
);
return decision;
}
// 收集验证证据
async _collectVerificationEvidence(identityId, context) {
const evidence = {};
// 身份认证证据
evidence.authentication = await this.identityService.getAuthEvidence(
identityId
);
// 设备证据
evidence.device = await this.deviceService.getDeviceEvidence(
context.deviceId
);
// 环境证据
evidence.environment = await this._getEnvironmentEvidence(context);
// 行为证据
evidence.behavior = await this.identityService.getBehaviorEvidence(
identityId, context
);
return evidence;
}
// 生成身份断言
async _generateIdentityAssertions(identityId, evidence) {
const assertions = [];
// 生成认证断言
const authAssertion = await this._createAssertion(
identityId,
'AUTHENTICATION',
evidence.authentication,
this._calculateAuthConfidence(evidence.authentication)
);
assertions.push(authAssertion);
// 生成设备断言
const deviceAssertion = await this._createAssertion(
identityId,
'DEVICE',
evidence.device,
this._calculateDeviceConfidence(evidence.device)
);
assertions.push(deviceAssertion);
// 生成上下文断言
const contextAssertion = await this._createAssertion(
identityId,
'CONTEXT',
evidence.environment,
this._calculateContextConfidence(evidence.environment)
);
assertions.push(contextAssertion);
// 生成行为断言
const behaviorAssertion = await this._createAssertion(
identityId,
'BEHAVIOR',
evidence.behavior,
this._calculateBehaviorConfidence(evidence.behavior)
);
assertions.push(behaviorAssertion);
return assertions;
}
// 创建身份断言
async _createAssertion(identityId, type, data, confidence) {
const assertion = {
id: this._generateAssertionId(),
identityId: identityId,
type: type,
data: data,
confidence: confidence,
validityPeriod: this._getValidityPeriod(type, confidence),
issuedAt: new Date(),
issuer: 'ZeroTrustIdentityService'
};
// 添加数字签名
assertion.signature = await this._signAssertion(assertion);
// 设置过期时间
assertion.expiresAt = new Date(
assertion.issuedAt.getTime() + (assertion.validityPeriod * 1000)
);
// 缓存断言
this.assertionCache.set(assertion.id, assertion);
return assertion;
}
// 评估整体信任度
async _assessOverallTrust(identityId, assertions) {
// 计算加权信任评分
let totalScore = 0;
let totalWeight = 0;
for (const assertion of assertions) {
const weight = this._getAssertionWeight(assertion.type);
totalScore += assertion.confidence * weight;
totalWeight += weight;
}
const overallTrust = totalScore / totalWeight;
// 结合历史信任评分
const historicalTrust = await this.identityService.getHistoricalTrustScore(
identityId
);
// 计算最终信任评分
const finalTrust = (overallTrust * 0.7) + (historicalTrust * 0.3);
return {
score: finalTrust,
assertions: assertions,
timestamp: new Date()
};
}
// 做出访问决策
async _makeAccessDecision(identityId, resource, action, trustAssessment) {
const trustScore = trustAssessment.score;
// 根据信任评分做出决策
if (trustScore >= 0.8) {
// 高信任度 - 直接允许
return {
allowed: true,
reason: 'High trust score',
trustScore: trustScore,
verificationLevel: 'BASIC'
};
} else if (trustScore >= 0.6) {
// 中等信任度 - 条件允许
const additionalVerification = await this._requestAdditionalVerification(
identityId
);
if (additionalVerification.success) {
return {
allowed: true,
reason: 'Conditional access granted',
trustScore: trustScore,
verificationLevel: 'ENHANCED'
};
} else {
return {
allowed: false,
reason: 'Additional verification failed',
trustScore: trustScore,
verificationLevel: 'ENHANCED'
};
}
} else {
// 低信任度 - 拒绝访问
return {
allowed: false,
reason: 'Low trust score',
trustScore: trustScore,
verificationLevel: 'NONE'
};
}
}
}技术实现要点
微隔离与细粒度访问控制
public class MicrosegmentationAccessControl {
private final PolicyEngine policyEngine;
private final IdentityService identityService;
private final ResourceService resourceService;
// 微隔离策略
public class MicrosegmentationPolicy {
// 资源标签
public class ResourceTag {
private String key;
private String value;
private TagType type; // SENSITIVITY, DEPARTMENT, ENVIRONMENT
// getters and setters...
}
// 访问策略
public class AccessPolicy {
private String id;
private String name;
private List<ResourceTag> resourceTags;
private List<IdentityTag> identityTags;
private List<AccessRule> rules;
private PolicyEffect defaultEffect; // ALLOW or DENY
// 条件表达式
public class Condition {
private String attribute;
private Operator operator;
private Object value;
private LogicalOperator logicalOperator; // AND, OR
public boolean evaluate(PolicyContext context) {
Object contextValue = context.getAttribute(attribute);
switch (operator) {
case EQUALS:
return Objects.equals(contextValue, value);
case NOT_EQUALS:
return !Objects.equals(contextValue, value);
case GREATER_THAN:
return compare(contextValue, value) > 0;
case LESS_THAN:
return compare(contextValue, value) < 0;
case IN:
return value instanceof Collection &&
((Collection<?>) value).contains(contextValue);
default:
return false;
}
}
}
}
}
// 细粒度访问决策
public AccessDecision makeFineGrainedDecision(AccessRequest request) {
// 1. 识别资源
Resource resource = resourceService.getResource(request.getResourceId());
// 2. 获取资源标签
List<ResourceTag> resourceTags = resource.getTags();
// 3. 识别身份
Identity identity = identityService.getIdentity(request.getIdentityId());
// 4. 获取身份标签
List<IdentityTag> identityTags = identity.getTags();
// 5. 构建策略上下文
PolicyContext context = PolicyContext.builder()
.identity(identity)
.resource(resource)
.action(request.getAction())
.environment(request.getEnvironment())
.timestamp(Instant.now())
.build();
// 6. 查找适用策略
List<AccessPolicy> applicablePolicies = policyEngine.findApplicablePolicies(
resourceTags, identityTags
);
// 7. 评估策略
PolicyEvaluationResult result = policyEngine.evaluatePolicies(
applicablePolicies, context
);
// 8. 做出最终决策
return AccessDecision.builder()
.allowed(result.isAllowed())
.policyViolations(result.getViolations())
.appliedPolicies(result.getAppliedPolicies())
.decisionReason(result.getDecisionReason())
.build();
}
// 动态策略更新
public class DynamicPolicyUpdater {
public void updatePolicyBasedOnBehavior(Identity identity, Resource resource) {
// 1. 分析访问行为
BehaviorAnalysis analysis = analyzeAccessBehavior(identity, resource);
// 2. 识别异常模式
List<Anomaly> anomalies = detectAnomalies(analysis);
// 3. 调整策略
if (!anomalies.isEmpty()) {
adjustAccessPolicy(identity, resource, anomalies);
}
}
private void adjustAccessPolicy(Identity identity, Resource resource, List<Anomaly> anomalies) {
// 根据异常严重程度调整策略
for (Anomaly anomaly : anomalies) {
switch (anomaly.getSeverity()) {
case CRITICAL:
// 立即阻止访问
applyImmediateBlock(identity, resource);
break;
case HIGH:
// 增加验证要求
increaseVerificationRequirements(identity, resource);
break;
case MEDIUM:
// 发出警告并记录
issueWarningAndLog(identity, resource, anomaly);
break;
}
}
}
}
}持续验证与风险评估
class ContinuousVerificationService:
def __init__(self, event_bus, risk_engine, notification_service):
self.event_bus = event_bus
self.risk_engine = risk_engine
self.notification_service = notification_service
self.session_monitors = {}
def start_continuous_verification(self, session_id, identity_id):
"""启动持续验证"""
# 1. 创建会话监控器
monitor = SessionMonitor(session_id, identity_id)
self.session_monitors[session_id] = monitor
# 2. 订阅相关事件
self.event_bus.subscribe(f"session.{session_id}.activity",
self._handle_session_activity)
self.event_bus.subscribe(f"session.{session_id}.risk",
self._handle_risk_event)
# 3. 启动监控循环
monitor.start_monitoring()
def _handle_session_activity(self, event):
"""处理会话活动事件"""
session_id = event.session_id
activity = event.activity
# 1. 分析活动模式
pattern_analysis = self._analyze_activity_pattern(session_id, activity)
# 2. 评估风险
risk_score = self.risk_engine.assess_activity_risk(activity, pattern_analysis)
# 3. 更新会话风险评分
self._update_session_risk(session_id, risk_score)
# 4. 根据风险评分采取行动
if risk_score > 0.8:
self._trigger_high_risk_response(session_id, activity)
elif risk_score > 0.5:
self._trigger_medium_risk_response(session_id, activity)
def _handle_risk_event(self, event):
"""处理风险事件"""
session_id = event.session_id
risk_factors = event.risk_factors
# 1. 综合风险评估
overall_risk = self.risk_engine.assess_comprehensive_risk(risk_factors)
# 2. 更新会话状态
self._update_session_state(session_id, overall_risk)
# 3. 通知相关人员
if overall_risk.score > 0.7:
self.notification_service.send_security_alert(
session_id, overall_risk, risk_factors
)
def _trigger_high_risk_response(self, session_id, activity):
"""触发高风险响应"""
# 1. 立即暂停会话
self._suspend_session(session_id)
# 2. 要求重新认证
reauth_required = self._request_reauthentication(session_id)
# 3. 记录安全事件
self._log_security_event(session_id, "HIGH_RISK_ACTIVITY", activity)
# 4. 通知安全团队
self.notification_service.notify_security_team(
"高风险会话活动",
f"会话 {session_id} 检测到高风险活动: {activity}"
)
def _trigger_medium_risk_response(self, session_id, activity):
"""触发中等风险响应"""
# 1. 增加监控频率
self._increase_monitoring_frequency(session_id)
# 2. 发出警告
self._issue_warning(session_id, activity)
# 3. 记录事件
self._log_risk_event(session_id, "MEDIUM_RISK_ACTIVITY", activity)部署与实施建议
架构设计原则
# 零信任身份架构设计原则
zero_trust_identity_architecture:
principles:
- principle: "永不信任，始终验证"
description: "对所有访问请求进行持续验证"
implementation:
- "多因子认证"
- "持续风险评估"
- "动态访问控制"
- principle: "最小权限"
description: "仅授予完成任务所需的最小权限"
implementation:
- "基于角色的访问控制"
- "基于属性的访问控制"
- "即时权限分配"
- principle: "微隔离"
description: "将网络分割为小的安全区域"
implementation:
- "细粒度访问策略"
- "资源标签化"
- "策略引擎"
- principle: "自动化响应"
description: "自动检测和响应安全威胁"
implementation:
- "实时监控"
- "智能告警"
- "自动阻断"
components:
identity_provider:
type: "统一身份提供商"
features:
- "多协议支持(OIDC,SAML,LDAP)"
- "多因子认证"
- "自适应认证"
- "身份断言"
policy_engine:
type: "策略引擎"
features:
- "细粒度策略"
- "动态策略更新"
- "策略评估"
- "策略审计"
risk_engine:
type: "风险引擎"
features:
- "行为分析"
- "风险建模"
- "实时评估"
- "威胁检测"
monitoring_system:
type: "监控系统"
features:
- "实时监控"
- "日志分析"
- "异常检测"
- "告警通知"迁移策略
// 零信任迁移策略
class ZeroTrustMigrationStrategy {
constructor(currentSystem, targetArchitecture) {
this.currentSystem = currentSystem;
this.targetArchitecture = targetArchitecture;
this.migrationPhases = [];
}
createMigrationPlan() {
return {
phases: [
{
name: "评估与规划",
duration: "4-6 weeks",
activities: [
"现状评估",
"差距分析",
"风险评估",
"路线图制定"
],
deliverables: [
"现状报告",
"差距分析报告",
"风险评估报告",
"实施路线图"
]
},
{
name: "基础设施准备",
duration: "8-12 weeks",
activities: [
"身份基础设施升级",
"策略引擎部署",
"风险引擎部署",
"监控系统建设"
],
deliverables: [
"升级后的身份系统",
"策略引擎",
"风险引擎",
"监控系统"
]
},
{
name: "试点实施",
duration: "6-8 weeks",
activities: [
"选择试点范围",
"策略配置",
"用户培训",
"效果评估"
],
deliverables: [
"试点实施报告",
"策略模板",
"培训材料",
"效果评估报告"
]
},
{
name: "全面部署",
duration: "12-16 weeks",
activities: [
"分阶段部署",
"策略推广",
"持续优化",
"知识转移"
],
deliverables: [
"全面部署完成",
"优化后的策略",
"运维文档",
"团队培训完成"
]
},
{
name: "优化与完善",
duration: "4-6 weeks",
activities: [
"性能调优",
"策略完善",
"文档更新",
"经验总结"
],
deliverables: [
"优化报告",
"完善策略",
"更新文档",
"经验总结报告"
]
}
],
success_criteria: [
"身份验证成功率>99%",
"平均认证时间<2秒",
"风险检测准确率>95%",
"用户满意度>85%",
"安全事件减少50%"
]
};
}
async executePhase(phaseName) {
const phase = this.migrationPhases.find(p => p.name === phaseName);
if (!phase) {
throw new Error(`迁移阶段未找到: ${phaseName}`);
}
console.log(`开始执行迁移阶段: ${phaseName}`);
// 1. 执行阶段活动
for (const activity of phase.activities) {
await this._executeActivity(activity, phase);
}
// 2. 验证交付物
await this._verifyDeliverables(phase.deliverables);
// 3. 评估阶段成果
const assessment = await this._assessPhaseResults(phase);
// 4. 记录阶段完成
await this._recordPhaseCompletion(phase, assessment);
return assessment;
}
async _executeActivity(activity, phase) {
console.log(`执行活动: ${activity}`);
switch (activity) {
case "现状评估":
return await this._performCurrentStateAssessment();
case "差距分析":
return await this._performGapAnalysis();
case "风险评估":
return await this._performRiskAssessment();
case "身份基础设施升级":
return await this._upgradeIdentityInfrastructure();
case "策略配置":
return await this._configurePolicies();
default:
console.log(`活动 ${activity} 需要手动执行`);
}
}
}总结
零信任架构为现代企业安全防护提供了全新的思路和方法。在这一架构中，身份不再仅仅是访问控制的凭证，而是成为安全防护的核心要素。通过实施持续验证、动态信任评估、微隔离等技术手段，企业可以构建更加安全、灵活的身份治理体系。
关键要点包括：
- 理念转变：从静态信任转向动态验证，从边界防护转向身份中心
- 技术实现：通过身份断言、持续验证、风险评估等技术实现零信任要求
- 架构设计：构建支持微隔离、细粒度访问控制的现代化身份架构
- 渐进实施：采用分阶段迁移策略，降低实施风险
随着网络安全威胁的不断演进，零信任架构将成为企业安全防护的标配。身份管理系统作为零信任的核心组件，需要不断创新发展，以适应新的安全挑战和业务需求。