Cache Operation at High Level
To understand the costs and savings of using a cache we have to combine the knowledge about the machine architecture
and RAM technology from section 2 with the struct...
CPU Caches in the Big Picture
Before diving into(一头扎进技术细节) technical details of the implementation of CPU caches some readers might find it useful to first see in some more details how caches fit ...
CPU Caches
RAM 与 memory 之间的速度差异
CPUs are today much more sophisticated(复杂) than they were only 25 years ago.
In those days, the frequency of the CPU core was at a level equivalent to that of the...
Other Main Memory Users
Beside CPUs there are other system components which can access the main memory.
High-performance cards such as network and mass-storage controllers cannot afford to pipe a...
DRAM Access Technical Details
前景回顾
In the section introducing DRAM we saw that DRAM chips multiplex(多路复用) the addresses in order to save resources int the form of address pins(地址引脚).
We also saw...
RAM Types
There have been many types of RAM over the years and each type varies, sometimes significantly(显著), from the other.
The older types are today really only interesting to the historians.
...
当今硬件
It is important to understand commodity hardware because specialized hardware is in retreat(消退).
Scaling these days is most often achieved horizontally instead of vertically, meaning today i...
1 Introduction
In the early days computers were much simpler.
The various components of a system, such as the CPU, memory, mass storage(大容量存储), and network interfaces, were developed together and...